Color Volume of TVs
DCI-P3 and Rec. 2020
A TV's color volume coverage refers to how many different colors a TV can display across a range of brightnesses. TVs which have a high color volume can display more of the colors as intended by the content producer and can provide more detail across a range of brightnesses. Unlike the color gamut, the color volume measures reproduction for both dark and bright colors.
We test to see how much of the DCI-P3 and the Rec. 2020 color volume TVs can cover.
Update 2017/02/15: We are now measuring the color volume of TVs, as it is important for good HDR performance. We have tested all 44 of our 2016 TVs.
Test results
When it matters
A high coverage of color volume is beneficial for HDR video sources such as UHD Blu-rays, streaming video, and HDR video games. These are the only types of content which take advantage of this increased color volume.
While our wide color gamut test is performed at one brightness level (a 2d cross-section of the volume), the color volume test measures color reproduction in bright and dark scenes.
The color volume is significant because most TVs can only produce very saturated colors at a small range of luminance levels. When a TV can't provide vivid colors in very dark or bright scenes, it results in loss of detail. Colors outside of the reproduction capabilities are reduced in saturation or brightness through a tone-mapping process dependent on the TV.
Our tests
Normalized DCI P3 Coverage ITP
This test evaluates how much of the DCI P3 color space a TV can cover at different luminance levels when adjusted for the maximum brightness of the TV.
Of the new wider color gamuts, DCI P3 is the colorspace which TVs are closest to achieving and is the colorspace used to master most HDR content. DCI P3 is entirely contained inside the Rec. 2020 colorspace, and so is transmitted inside the Rec. 2020 container.
We use an HD Fury Linker to inject HDR metadata and convert to the Rec. 2020 colorspace container. We use the Colorimetry Research CR-100 colorimeter to take 62 measurements which map out boundaries of what the TV can produce. We use a 2% window to simulate a small HDR highlight and measure a pure white to obtain the maximum luminance of the TV. We measure the black level on this black pattern with a white border. We then measure 100% saturated primaries (red, green and blue) and secondaries (cyan, magenta, and yellow) at 10% steps in stimulus level, from 10% to 100% resulting in 60 color measurements.
The way luminance is perceived as brightness is not linear. We use the ICtCp color space to make the measurements as perceptually accurate as possible. For more information, see the 'Additional Information' section below.
Brighter TVs can produce brighter colors, but this is already accounted for in the 'Peak Brightness' score. To isolate the impact of peak brightness on the color volume we compare the measured volume to that of an ideal TV with the same brightness.
The result is given as a percentage of the DCI P3 volume in the ICtCp color space which an ideal TV of the same brightness would cover. Any parts of the measured volume which fall outside of the target volume (too bright or too saturated compared to an ideal TV reference) are not included in the result.
10,000 cd/m² DCI P3 Coverage ITP
This test evaluates the DCI P3 performance of a TV when compared to an ideal 10,000 cd/m² TV. Unlike the Normalized DCI P3 result, this test is heavily influenced by the peak brightness of the TV. It is not included in any weighting to avoid double counting the peak brightness of the TV, and is provided only for reference.
Normalized Rec. 2020 Coverage ITP
This test evaluates how much of the larger Rec. 2020 color space a TV can cover at different luminosity levels. It is performed using the same method as the DCI P3 test described above but targets the Rec. 2020 primary and secondary colors.
At the moment there is no TV which gets close to covering all of the Rec. 2020 color volume.
The result is given as a percentage of the Rec. 2020 volume which an ideal TV would cover at the measured brightness level.
10,000 cd/m² Rec. 2020 Coverage ITP
This test evaluates the Rec. 2020 performance of a TV when compared to an ideal 10,000 cd/m² TV. Unlike the Normalized Rec. 2020 result, this test is heavily influenced by the peak brightness of the TV. It is not included in any weighting to avoid double counting the peak brightness of the TV, and is provided only for reference.
Additional information
ICtCp color space
For a color volume measurement to be significant it should correspond to the way we perceive colors at different luminosity levels. The eye is much more sensitive to small changes in luminosity of a dim light compared to a bright one; so although the measured change in luminosity may be the same, the bright source with less perceivable difference should have less impact.
ICtCp is a color space which is designed for HDR content and mimics the human eye's response. As a result, it is more perceptually uniform.
How to get the best results
For TVs which support a wide color gamut, it is activated automatically once the TV detects supported content.
The best settings to use are the same as those suggested for HDR content:
- Set the backlight to maximum. This allows you to take advantage of the bright highlights and colors.
- If there is a local dimming option, activate it. Reducing the intensity of the backlight in some parts of the screen allows for a wider range of colors in dark scenes.
Related settings
On some TVs, the 'Color Space' option allows the colorspace of the TV to be adjusted. This target must match between the source and the TV, so should almost always be left to 'Auto' for HDR content. On LG TVs the 'Color Gamut' option functions a bit differently and affects the tone mapping of the display. Leave it at 'Normal' to avoid oversaturating content.
Other notes
- No TV can display all of the DCI P3 or Rec. 2020 colorspace. As a result, they have to either clip colors which lie outside of their capabilities or compress the colors to fit them into the display limitations (or some combination of these two) in a process called tone mapping. There is no standard for calibrating to these wider colorspaces because there is no reference of what a display should do and how this tone mapping should be performed.
Conclusion
The color volume coverage of a TV describes how many colors it can display at a range of luminosities. The larger a TV's color volume is, the greater range of saturated colors it can produce. A large color volume is useful for HDR content which takes advantage of this wider color range, and results in a better image. For SDR content such as DVDs or cable the color volume is less significant as the content is not designed to take advantage of these wider color spaces. For this test, we measure how much of the DCI P3 and Rec. 2020 colorspaces the TV can cover. Unlike the color gamut, the color volume assesses performance for both dark and bright scenes.
Questions & Answers
- We are actually thinking of switching to the colorspace mentioned here, which should be more representative of the perceived difference.
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- Choosing the window size is a hard decision since the behaviors of TVs vary greatly. We already have a peak brightness test which better covers the TV's capabilities in that aspect (multiple window sizes, and across varying duration), so we opted for a window size that is the best case for most TVs and leave it to the other peak brightness test to show more scenarios.
- We will soon also add non-normalized for brightness results, with a target of 10,000 nits. Our normalized numbers are still useful though, especially when used in addition to our other peak brightness test. Note that our current graphs already show the non-normalized volume (only the wireframe (ie: target) is normalized).
- We use the black with white border pattern to have better representation of real content black. Otherwise, edge-lit TVs would have perfect blacks even though it is not the case in real life. If manufacturers start to be too aggressive with their dimming of that pattern, we will change it to one greater APL.
Hi and thanks for contacting us. We are not using the Dolby MDC method because color volume measurements depend on a number of factors, one of which is the peak brightness of the TV. For some TVs (such as OLEDs) this peak brightness is highly dependent on the size of the test window - the easiest way for a manufacturer to increase the millions of displayable colors (MDC) is simply to increase the display brightness. Because of this dependence upon peak brightness we prefer to measure this independently in a way that is more rigorous (TVs can 'cheat' on test patterns and display brighter images than they would with normal content). Our percentage number is then in relation to an ideal TV of the same brightness.
It is important to note though that we still use the Dolby ICtCp (perceptually uniform) color space.
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